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第十章闡明了相对剩余价值的概念,并指出生产相对剩余价值的方法,必須是变革劳动过程的技术条件和社会条件;就是必須变革生产方式,从而提高劳动生产力。生产相对剩余价值的方法,从資本主义的历史上看,是循着簡单协作,手工制造业和机器大工业的順序行进的。照应着上述的历史发展順序,馬克思在分析了相对剩余价值的概念之后,接着就通过資本主义提高生产力的三个发展阶段,来考察相对剩余价值的特殊生产方法。本章所研究的,是簡单协作形态上的相对剩余价值的生产,或者說,是作为資本主义生产的出发点——协作。
Chapter 10 clarifies the concept of relative surplus value and points out that the method of producing relative surplus value must be the technical and social conditions for changing the labor process. It is necessary to change the mode of production so as to improve the productivity of labor. The method of producing relative surplus value, from the historical point of capitalism, follows the order of simple coordination, handicraft manufacturing and machinery industry. Taking into account the above order of historical development, after analyzing the concept of relative surplus value, Marx examines the special production methods of relative surplus value through three stages of development of capitalism to improve productivity. This chapter examines the production of comparatively simple residual forms of value, or, as a starting point for capitalist production, collaboration.