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地面水资源大量被土壤蒸发、植物蒸腾和水面蒸发损失掉,被植物所利用的只有10％左右。因此,抑制水分蒸发是发展农业的重要任务。在干旱、半干旱地区,常采用耙磨、铺砂、增施有机肥料和秸秆残茬覆盖等措施进行保墒。这些措施具有一定效果,但水分损失仍然严重。近十年来,国内外先后试验研究成不少抑制水分损失的新技术。大致有以下三个系列。 一、抑制土壤蒸发 土壤水分主要通过“毛细管”作用直接向空气中散失,或以汽态水形式向大气扩散。据各地经验表明,用塑料薄膜覆盖土壤,或以成膜化合物(树脂、橡胶、石蜡、沥青、纸浆渣等)的乳液喷洒土
Surface water resources are largely evaporated by the soil, and plant evapotranspiration and surface evaporation are lost and are only utilized by plants at about 10%. Therefore, curbing the evaporation of water is an important task in the development of agriculture. In arid and semi-arid areas, often using rake grinding, sand, organic fertilizer and straw stubble cover and other measures to maintain moisture. These measures have some effect, but the water loss is still serious. In the past ten years, many domestic and foreign experimental research into a lot of new technologies to inhibit moisture loss. There are roughly the following three series. First, the inhibition of soil evaporation Soil moisture mainly through the “capillary” effect directly to the air dissipated, or to the form of vapor water to the atmosphere. According to experience all over the place, the soil is covered with a plastic film or the soil is sprayed with an emulsion of film-forming compounds (resins, rubbers, paraffins, bitumens, pulp residues, etc.)