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中国的通货膨胀呈现出价格上涨的“二元分化”结构性特征:农产品价格涨幅明显高于工业品,进而推动整体价格上涨。本文在考虑城乡物价差异和劳动力流动成本的情况下,通过构建部门间工资不完全追赶模型来解释中国的结构性通货膨胀。研究发现,随着劳动力流动成本减小,城乡物价水平差异缩小,这都将在一定程度上加大中国的结构性通货膨胀程度。因此,建议加大对农业的投入,缩小农业部门与工业劳动生产率的差异,有计划地推进城乡一体化进程,以减小长期的结构性通胀压力的影响。
China’s inflation shows the structural feature of price rise: the price of agricultural products has risen significantly higher than that of industrial products, which in turn has contributed to the overall price rise. In this paper, taking into account the price difference between urban and rural areas and the labor migration costs, we construct an inter-departmental wage catch-up model to explain China’s structural inflation. The study found that with the reduction of labor migration costs and the narrowing of the urban-rural price level differences, this will to a certain extent increase China’s structural inflation. Therefore, it is suggested to increase investment in agriculture, narrow the difference between the agricultural sector and industrial labor productivity, and to promote the process of urban-rural integration in a planned manner in order to reduce the impact of long-term structural inflationary pressure.