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中国近代社会跃进和渐进的变迁,不是直接来源于社会内部诸因素缓慢发展和积累的结果,而是在外来军事、经济、文化入侵,旧的社会形态被强制破坏的背景下发生的。在整体意义上,这种特殊状况下的社会变迁仍是缓慢和渐进的,但在局部的区域——开放的沿海城市、特殊的社会阶层中——与西方人关系密切的买办、商人、官僚、知识分子等,无论是经济方面,还是文化方面的发展,却是在强制性的外来输入情况下产生了跃变。作为上层建筑的文化领域的跃变,既没有本土文化的延续性演变为基础,也不具有足够的
The rapid and gradual transition of modern Chinese society does not come directly from the slow development and accumulation of various internal social factors but from the background of foreign military, economic and cultural invasions and the forcible destruction of old social forms. In the overall sense, the social changes in this special situation are still slow and gradual. However, in some areas - open coastal cities and special social strata - compradors, businessmen and bureaucrats close to Westerners , Intellectuals, etc., both in economic and cultural aspects, have undergone a jump in forced external input. As a transition in the cultural field of the superstructure, there is neither a continuation of the native culture nor a sufficient