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分别运用早代(F_1)连续回交和高代(F_3)选择性回交两种交配方式,探讨了改良大豆种间杂种野生性状及最大限度遴选优良基因型的有效途径。结果表明,高代有选择地回交可以有效地保持野生大豆的高蛋白特性;同时,对提高百粒重和扩大黄色种皮类型入选率也有明显效果。早代随机回交使高蛋白、高亚油酸和丰产基因型频率大幅度下降。从育成超高蛋白(>45％)品种考虑(长期计划),野生种质渗入率不应低于0.25;而从育成普通高蛋白(<45％)品种考虑(短期计划),渗入率可以降到0.125以下。在大豆种间杂种后代,种皮色遗传较复杂,出现IIrrttW_1W_1gg基因型的机率非常低。不同种皮色的BC_0F_2单株分离产生含黄色种皮类型的能力为:黄褐(单株)>黄黑>褐绿>黑绿>黑>褐。野生大豆炸荚性的遗传比较简单,但不符合3:1分离模式,通过二次回交炸荚卒降至25％以下。本研究选择指数结果指出,在早代回交和高代回交后代,用对蛋白质含量有较强相关选择进度的生育期、茎粗和主茎节数,间接选择高蛋白基因型,将产生良好的效果。
Two mating methods of early backfat (F_1) continuous backcross and high backfat (F_3) selective backcross were used respectively to explore the effective ways to improve the wild traits of soybean interspecific hybrids and to select the best genotypes. The results showed that the high generation of selective backcrossing could effectively maintain the high protein content of wild soybean. At the same time, it also had a significant effect on improving the 100-grain weight and expanding the selection rate of yellow seed coat types. Early backcrossing made the frequency of high-protein, high-linoleic acid and high-yielding genotypes decrease significantly. In terms of long-term planted bred super-high protein (> 45%), the infiltration rate of wild germplasm should not be less than 0.25; while from high-bred (<45%) bred To below 0.125. In soybean interspecific hybrids, the inheritance of the seed coat color is more complicated and the probability of occurrence of the IIrrttW_1W_1gg genotype is very low. Different seed coat color BC_0F_2 isolated single plant containing yellow seed coat types are: yellow brown (single)> yellow black> brown green> black green> black> brown. The inheritance of wild soybean pods is relatively simple, but does not meet the 3: 1 separation mode, by the second backcross bombing down to 25% or less. The results of this study indicate that in the early generation of backcrossing and backcrossing generations, the high-protein genotypes were indirectly selected by using the high-protein genotypes that had a relatively high relative selection of protein content during growth, stem diameter and main stem segments good effect.