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从美国军火清单和商业控制清单中梳理其有关生物产业的管制政策,采用顺差规模、市场份额和竞争力指数等指标,测算美国生物技术产品和生命科学产品的贸易竞争力的变化趋势,参照美国产业安全局发布的商业国家列表的管制标准,探讨不同管制强度下的贸易竞争力效应。结果发现,美国总体偏严的出口管制政策抑制了其技术领先优势向贸易竞争优势的转化,国别歧视性的出口管制政策未能普遍提升其与主要伙伴国的贸易竞争力。相对于严格出口管制而言,宽松管制政策更有助于美国提升贸易竞争力。
From the list of U.S. arms and commercial control lists, it sorts out its control policies on the bio-industry and adopts the indicators such as surplus size, market share and competitiveness index to calculate the trend of changes in the trade competitiveness of biotechnology products and life science products in the United States. Industrial Safety Authority issued a list of commercial countries control standards to explore the different regulatory strength of the competitiveness of trade. The results showed that the overall U.S. export control policy restrained the transformation of its technological leading edge into the competitive edge of trade and the country-specific export control policy failed to generally enhance its trade competitiveness with its major partner countries. Relative to strict export controls, deregulation is more conducive to the United States to enhance its trade competitiveness.