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妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)为妊娠前糖代谢正常或有潜在糖耐量减退,妊娠期才出现或发现糖尿病。糖尿病孕妇中80%以上为GDM,GDM发病率世界各国报道1%~14%。我国发病率1%~5%,近年有明显增长趋势。GDM患者糖代谢多数于产后能恢复正常,但将来患2型糖尿病机会增加。对母儿均有较大危害。故应引起重视,其发病相关因素有:胰岛素抵抗、胰岛素分泌缺陷、自身的免疫遗传因素、其它因素如孕妇饮食及慢性炎症等。
Gestational diabetes mellitus (gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) for the normal glucose metabolism before pregnancy or potential impaired glucose tolerance, pregnancy appeared or found in diabetes. More than 80% of pregnant women with diabetes as GDM, the incidence of GDM reported in various countries in the world 1% to 14%. The incidence of 1% ~ 5% in our country, there is a clear trend of growth in recent years. Most patients with GDM glucose metabolism in postpartum can return to normal, but in the future the chance of type 2 diabetes increased. On the mother and child have greater harm. Therefore, attention should be paid, the incidence of related factors are: insulin resistance, insulin secretion defects, their own immune genetic factors, other factors such as pregnant women diet and chronic inflammation.