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目的研究乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性产妇自然分娩和剖宫产,对HBV母婴传播的影响。方法在甘肃省和浙江省宁波市选择1997～2002年孕期或住院分娩时检测HBsAg阳性的母亲及其儿童319对,采取回顾性调查方法,用固相放射免疫法进行血清学检测,比较自然分娩和剖宫产对儿童HBV感染的影响。结果319名儿童中自然分娩233人,HBsAg阳性47人,阳性率20.17%;剖宫产86人,HBsAg阳性9人,阳性率10.47%。母亲在双阳性[HBsAg、乙肝病毒e抗原(HBeAg)均阳性]或单阳性(HBsAg阳性、HBsAg阴性)情况下,自然分娩和剖宫产儿童HBsAg阳性率的差异均无显著的统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法P=1.000;χ2=3.387,P>0.05)。结论不同分娩方式对HBV母婴传播无影响。
Objective To study the effects of natural childbirth and cesarean section on hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers on the transmission of HBV from mother to infant. Methods A total of 319 HBsAg positive mothers and their children were tested in Gansu Province and Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 1997 to 2002 during pregnancy or hospital delivery. A retrospective survey method was used to detect serum HBsAg-positive mothers and their children by serological tests. And cesarean section on the impact of HBV infection in children. Results Of the 319 children, 233 were born spontaneously, 47 were HBsAg positive, the positive rate was 20.17%. There were 86 cesarean sections and 9 HBsAg positive patients with a positive rate of 10.47%. No significant difference was found in the positive rates of HBsAg between spontaneous delivery and cesarean section in mothers with double positive [HBsAg, HBeAg positive] or single positive (HBsAg positive, HBsAg negative) Fisher exact probability method P = 1.000; χ2 = 3.387, P> 0.05). Conclusion Different modes of delivery have no effect on HBV transmission from mother to infant.