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改革开放以来,在体制改革逐步打破城乡之间制度障碍与城乡之间市场化进程逐渐完成的背景下,城乡要素差异逐渐演变为城乡收入差距形成并扩大的最重要因素。其中,金融资源差异是导致城乡收入差距形成的重要因素。其传导机制是,当前城乡之间的产业差异以及各种制度性障碍使得非农化与城镇化进程相脱节,农村居民越来越不适应城镇非农产业发展的需要,加之农村第一产业生产效率难以得到提高,因此,城乡收入差距会随着金融发展而逐渐拉大。要扭转这一现象就必须在进一步破除城乡分割的制度壁垒条件下,提高农业给农民带来的经济效益,并要进一步增加对农村居民的人力资本积累,从而实现城镇化与非农化的协同发展。
Since the reform and opening up, under the background of institutional reform gradually breaking down the institutional barriers between urban and rural areas and the process of marketization between urban and rural areas, the differences between urban and rural areas gradually evolved into the most important factor in the formation and expansion of urban-rural income disparity. Among them, the difference of financial resources is the important factor that causes the income gap between urban and rural areas. The transmission mechanism is that current industrial differences between urban and rural areas and various institutional barriers make the process of non-agriculturalization and urbanization are out of touch with each other, and rural residents are becoming less and less suited to the needs of the development of urban non-agricultural industries. In addition, Efficiency is hard to be improved, therefore, the income gap between urban and rural areas will gradually widen with the development of finance. To reverse this phenomenon, we must increase the economic benefits brought by agriculture to peasants and further increase the accumulation of human capital of rural residents under the institutional barriers that further break the urban-rural division so as to achieve the synergy of urbanization and non-agriculturalization development of.