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目的调查青春期男女学生体格发育及膳食营养现况。方法对337人(平均年龄13.6岁)开展现况调查,测量身高、体重,计算体质指数BMI,通过膳食问卷调查膳食热量及营养素摄入情况。结果男生的身高显著高于女生(P<0.05),男、女生体重和BMI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);按照BMI标准判定,营养状况正常的学生比例为59.0%,男生营养状况正常的学生达到57.8%,女生为59.9%。男、女生营养状况是消瘦的分别为24.3%和26.3%;男、女生分别有17.9%和13.8%属于超重和肥胖。男生的总能量摄入量及三大营养素摄入量均显著高于女生(P<0.01),女生能量和蛋白质摄入量均没有人达到RNI/AI值(推荐摄入量),男生蛋白质和总能量摄入量分别只有4.2%和1.8%的人达到RNI值。走读生的体重显著高于寄宿生(P<0.05);走读生营养状况正常比例为63.1%,而寄宿生仅为53.9%;走读生的总能量摄入量及三大营养素摄入量均显著高于寄宿生(P<0.05)。结论北京市青春期学生体格发育和营养素摄入情况不理想,体重不足、肥胖等现象仍然比较突出。
Objective To investigate the status of adolescent male and female students’ physical development and diet nutrition. Methods A total of 337 persons (average age, 13.6 years old) were surveyed, height and weight were measured, body mass index (BMI) was calculated, dietary calories and nutrient intake were investigated by dietary questionnaire. Results The boys’ height was significantly higher than that of girls (P <0.05). The body weight and BMI of boys and girls were not significantly different (P> 0.05). According to the BMI standard, the nutrition status was normal 57.8% of students and 59.9% of girls. Nutritional status of males and females were emaciated 24.3% and 26.3% respectively; 17.9% and 13.8% of males and females respectively belonged to overweight and obesity. The total energy intake of boys and the intake of the three nutrients were significantly higher than those of girls (P <0.01), and no one had reached the RNI / AI (recommended intake) for energy and protein intake, Only 4.2% of total energy intake and 1.8% of people reach the RNI value. The body weight of the students was significantly higher than that of the boarders (P <0.05). The normal nutrition of the students was 63.1%, while that of the boarders was only 53.9%. The total energy intake and the intake of the three nutrients were significantly higher Boarders (P <0.05). Conclusion The physical development and nutrient intake of adolescent students in Beijing are not ideal. The phenomenon of underweight and obesity is still prominent.