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细菌侵染宿主细胞后,宿主对入侵细菌的识别与杀灭决定了细菌的命运。病原菌侵入宿主细胞后,通过改变吞噬体囊泡进入宿主细胞的胞质内,从溶解的吞噬体逃逸以获得复制的场所。然而,这些细胞内的外来者,受到宿主固有免疫系统的监视,如由Nod/CARD家族蛋白介导的、通过激活NF-κB诱导的炎症反应。最近的研究表明,自体吞噬作用,一种主要降解细胞内蛋白质和(或)细胞器的降解系统,同样可以识别入侵细菌。事实上,除非细菌能逃逸自吞噬体膜的包围,否则最终通过自体吞噬作用由自吞噬溶酶体降解。本文综述了痢疾杆菌感染上皮细胞的最新进展,集中讨论痢疾杆菌对抗自体吞噬降解并在细胞内存活的策略。
After bacteria infect host cells, the host’s identification and killing of invading bacteria determine the fate of the bacteria. Pathogens invade host cells, by changing phagosomes into the host cell cytoplasm, escape from the dissolved phagosome to obtain replication sites. However, outsiders in these cells are monitored by the host’s innate immune system, as mediated by the Nod / CARD family of proteins, by activating NF-κB-induced inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that autophagocytosis, a degradation system that primarily degrades intracellular proteins and / or organelles, can also identify invading bacteria. In fact, unless the bacterium can escape the encircling of the autophagosome, it is eventually degraded by autophagy lysosomes by autophagy. This review summarizes the recent advances in the infection of dysentery bacilli with epithelial cells and focuses on the strategy of Shigella dysenteriae against autophagy degradation and survival within the cell.