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分析总结院内感染病原菌的种类、感染的好发部位及抗生素的使用情况，以便采取切实有效的预防措施。方法：回顾性对比法。结果：１９９６年６３６株病原菌中革兰阳性菌１４８株（２３．２７％），革兰阴性菌２４５株（３８．５２％），真菌２４３株（３８．２０％）。１９９７年５６１株病原菌中革兰阳性菌９９株（１７．６４％），革兰阴性菌１７４株（３１．０％），真菌２８７株（５１．１６％）。主要病原菌为真菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯菌、铜绿假单孢菌、肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。除真菌外，对常用抗生素诺氟沙星、氨苄青霉素、氧哌嗪青霉素、环丙沙星的耐药率１９９７年比１９９６年明显增高。结论：院内感染病原菌由早期的革兰阳性菌感染为主转变为革兰阴性菌为主，目前由真菌引起的院内感染呈明显上升趋势
Analysis of the types of nosocomial infection pathogens, the infection of the site and the use of antibiotics in order to take effective preventive measures. Methods: Retrospective comparison. Results: In 1996, 148 strains (23.27%) of Gram-positive bacteria, 245 strains (38.52%) of gram-negative bacteria and 243 strains (38.20%) of fungi were found in 636 pathogens. In 1997, 99 strains (17.64%) of Gram-positive bacteria, 174 strains (31.0%) of gram-negative bacteria and 287 strains (51.16%) of 561 pathogens were found. The main pathogens are fungi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to fungi, the resistance rates to norfloxacin, ampicillin, piperacillin and ciprofloxacin, commonly used antibiotics, were significantly higher in 1997 than in 1996. CONCLUSIONS: Infectious pathogens in nosocomial infections changed from gram-positive bacteria to gram-negative bacteria in the early stage. At present, nosocomial infections caused by fungi show a clear upward trend