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国家助学贷款自2000年实施以来一直悄无声息。教育部副部长张保庆在8 月29日教育部新闻发布会上猛烈痛斥8省市助学贷款5年来毫无作为,一时引 爆了社会各界民众的注意,也勾起了他们历年积聚的酸甜苦辣。各地方政府的 “不作为”眨眼之间激起了人民对助学贷款缺陷的反思,对高收费、乱收费的追 问,以及对25年教育改革的检视。 中国内地的教育改革源于1985年《关于教育体制改革的决定》的出台,旨 在扩大高校的自主权;1986年义务教育法颁布,意欲惠泽全体国民。 从高等教育到基础教育,全面变革渐渐推进。 1993年,《中国教育改革和发展纲要》颁布,理顺中央与地方、政府与高校 的关系,“面向社会自主办学”,“共建、合作、合并、划转”,高校合并之风遍及 内陆各省。 1998年,6万亿元的居民储蓄触动了某些经济学家的心思。海归派执笔起草 的高校扩招报告,意图凭借大学扩招,拉动内需刺激国内居民消费。 众所周知,高校收费制度始于1989年,恰恰顺延了1988年以来的第一波通 货膨胀浪潮,民间时见怨言;而1999年收费大幅上扬至今,高校的收费愈演愈 烈,无法遏止;尽管教育部在2000年确定了年收费3500元的高校收费标准,但 执行屡屡不力,招致社会各界的猛烈抨击而成为众矢之的。
The national student loan has been quiet since its implementation in 2000. Vice Minister of Education Zhang Baoqing severely denounced the student loans in eight provinces and cities for five years at a press briefing by the Ministry of Education on August 29th, which at one time detonated the attention of people from all walks of life and aroused the ups and downs in their accumulation over the years. The blink of an eye for “omissions” among local governments aroused the people’s introspection on the flaws in student loans, the questioning of high fees and arbitrary charges, and the review of the 25-year education reform. The education reform in mainland China originated from the promulgation of the Decision on Reform of the Education System in 1985, aiming at expanding the autonomy of colleges and universities. The Compulsory Education Law was promulgated in 1986 and is intended to benefit all the people in the country. From higher education to basic education, comprehensive reform has been gradually promoted. In 1993, the “Outline of Education Reform and Development in China” was promulgated to rationalize the relations between the central government and local governments, governments and colleges and universities, and “facing the community’s own schooling” and “co-construction, cooperation, merger and transfer” Land provinces. In 1998, 6 trillion yuan of household savings touched the minds of some economists. Returnees sent to write the college enrollment drafting report, with the intention of university enrollment, stimulating domestic demand to stimulate domestic consumption. As we all know, the university fee system began in 1989, just postponing the first wave of inflation since 1988, when people complain about their personal recklessness. In 1999, charges soared, the fees and charges of colleges and universities have become increasingly fierce and can not be stopped. Although the Ministry of Education in 2000 Years to determine the annual fee of 3,500 yuan college fees, but the implementation of ineffective, leading to a violent attack from all walks of life became the target of public criticism.