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目的了解江苏省常州市围产儿出生缺陷的相关影响因素,为采取相应的干预措施提供依据。方法采用以医院为基础的1∶3配比病例对照研究方法对常州市妇幼保健院住院分娩的123例出生缺陷(BD)围产儿和369名正常对照围产儿的父母进行BD相关影响因素的问卷调查。结果 123例BD围产儿中,中枢神经系统缺陷19例,占15.45%,面、耳、颈部缺陷38例,占30.89%,心血管系统缺陷21例,占17.07%,消化系统缺陷18例,占14.63%,肌肉骨骼系统缺陷18例,占14.63%,泌尿生殖系统缺陷18例,占14.63%,其他缺陷6例,占0.49%;多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,孕早期患病、孕期合并症、孕早期不安全用药、孕期工作有害环境暴露和孕早期营养缺乏是围产儿BD发生的危险因素。结论孕期避免不安全用药、患病、工作环境中接触有毒有害物质,注重孕期营养均衡摄入,可减少围产儿BD的发生。
Objective To understand the influencing factors of birth defects in perinatal infants in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, and to provide evidence for the corresponding interventions. Methods A hospital-based 1: 3 matched case-control study was conducted on 123 children with birth defects (BD) and 369 normal controls who were hospitalized in Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital for BD related risk factors survey. Results Among the 123 cases of BD, there were 19 cases of central nervous system defects (15.45%), 38 cases (30.89%) of facial, ear and neck defects, 21 cases of cardiovascular system defects (17.07%), 18 cases of digestive system defects Accounting for 14.63%, musculoskeletal system defects in 18 cases, accounting for 14.63%, genitourinary system defects in 18 cases, accounting for 14.63%, other defects in 6 cases, accounting for 0.49%; multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the first trimester sickness, pregnancy combined Symptoms, early pregnancy unsafe medication, exposure to harmful environmental exposure during pregnancy and nutritional deficiencies in early pregnancy is a risk factor for perinatal BD. Conclusion During pregnancy avoid unsafe medication, illness, exposure to toxic and hazardous substances in the work environment, pay attention to balanced nutrition intake during pregnancy can reduce the incidence of perinatal BD.