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Objective To study of the effectiveness of using autologous mononuclear fraction of bone marrow for the treatment of chronic limb ischemia.Methods Results of autologous mononuclear fraction of bone marrow in 90 laboratory Wistar rats on a background of creating chronic limb ischemia was presented.Sampling was carried out from the bone marrow of the femur of the animal.The mononuclear fraction of bone marrow autologous 4 × l06 cells in a volume of 200 microliter were injected into the ischemic limb of the two points,in each of which 100 microliter:①Paravessel directly below the inguinal ligament at the level of the sacroiliac joint in the area of the anatomical location of collaterals in the projection of the internal iliac artery and its branches;② Intramuscularly in gastrocnemius muscle anterior-lateral surface of the middle third of the leg.Results In the experimental group of rats treated with autologous mononuclear fraction of bone marrow,the level of microcirculation compared with the intact group of animals on day 21 was higher than 6.1％ by day 28％ ～ 31.2％;compared with the control group-day 10 increased by 111％ at day 21,85.7％ on day 28％ ～97％.Conclusion Proposed method of treating pathogenically justified and can be recommended for use in clinical practice in the treatment of patients with chronic obliterating diseases of lower limb arteries.