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本文根据 van der Waals-London 色散力的作用,提出非电解质水溶液中的盐溶效应机构,指出(1) 对称性的大离子;(2) 非对称性的大离子都应起盐溶效应,并说明盐溶效应是怎样产生的。根据这样的机构,我们在25°下测了在下面五种钴络盐水溶液中正戊酸的溶度:(1) 氯化六氨基钴;(2) 氯化一氯五氨基钴;(3) 氯化一硝基五氨基钴;(4) 氯化反二硝基四氨基钴;(5) 氯化顺二硝基四氨基钴。实验结果是盐析效应。从盐溶液的不同浓度 C_s 中的正戊酸溶度,我们计算正戊酸的活度系数 f,并作了 log f 对 C_s 和1/f 对 C_s 的图。这些图都是直线,符合 Debye-McAulay 和 Debye 的盐析理论。最后我们解释了为甚么钴络盐对正戊酸不起盐溶作用。
Based on the van der Waals-London dispersion force, this paper presents the salt solution effect mechanism in the non-electrolyte aqueous solution and points out (1) the symmetric large ions; (2) the asymmetric large ions should all have the salt-dissolving effect and Explain how the salt effect is produced. According to this mechanism, we measured the solubility of n-pentanoic acid in the following five cobalt complex brine solutions at 25 ° C: (1) hexaammine cobalt chloride; (2) chlorotetrachloroamino cobalt chloride; (3) Mononitroammonium cobalt hexachloride; (4) dinitrotetraammonium chloride; (5) cis-dinitroniumtetramine cobalt. The experimental result is salting out effect. From the different concentrations of n-valeric acid in the salt solution, we calculate the activity coefficient f of n-valeric acid and plot the log f vs. C_s and 1 / f vs. C_s. These figures are straight lines, consistent with the salting-out theory of Debye-McAulay and Debye. Finally, we explain why cobalt salt can not afford salt-solubilization of n-valeric acid.