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佐剂的作用主要是增强机体的非特异性免疫。1925年,Ramon首次描述了佐剂的作用。以白喉毒素反复免疫马,其中一些马的抗毒素抗体滴度渐进性升高,而另一些马的抗体滴度却保持一定水平。Ramon且观察到抗体滴度升高的马在注射部位有明显的炎症,因而认为在毒素中加入含有细菌的脓液可增加毒素抗体的滴度。其后,又发现以含有分枝杆菌的水油乳剂与抗原合并注射,亦可产生高水平的抗体。一、佐剂的种类: (一)、油性佐剂: 1.弗氏佐剂:包括弗氏完全佐剂(FCA)及弗氏不完全佐剂(FIA)两种。FIA加入死的分枝杆菌(常用BCG)就成FCA。
The role of adjuvant is to enhance the body’s non-specific immunity. In 1925, Ramon first described the role of adjuvants. Diphtheria toxin repeated immunization of horses, some of which horse antitoxin antibody titers gradually increased, while some other horse antibody titers remained at a certain level. Ramon and the observed increase in antibody titer of the horse has significant inflammation at the injection site, and therefore consider the addition of toxins in bacteria containing pus can increase the titers of toxin antibodies. Subsequently, it was found that injection of a water-in-oil emulsion containing mycobacteria with an antigen also produced high levels of antibodies. First, the types of adjuvants: (A), oily adjuvant: 1. Freund’s adjuvant: including Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) and incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (FIA) two. FIA added dead mycobacteria (commonly used BCG) became FCA.