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目的了解2013年媒体报道乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗事件后,公众接种乙肝疫苗的态度及行为变化,为制定宣传策略提供参考。方法本次调查为便利抽样,采用现场拦截调查法,在新疆、湖南2省(自治区)3个市州的公共场所开展调查,调查时间在国家食品药品监督管理总局和国家卫生和计划生育委员会两次媒体通气会后,调查通过面对面一问一答形式完成。结果公众对媒体报道的乙肝疫苗事件的知晓率为53.57%。有小孩公众的知晓率明显高于无小孩者(χ~2=79.063,P<0.001)。知晓该事件者,认为乙肝疫苗非常安全和安全的比例由事件发生前的60.78%下降至49.02%,下降了19.35%。国家食品药品监督管理总局、国家卫生和计划生育委员会公布疫苗检测结果和病例调查诊断情况后,认为乙肝疫苗非常安全和安全的仅占51.68%。一半以上医务人员对乙肝疫苗安全性存疑。公众获取信息的主要途径为电视和网络。结论媒体报道的乙肝疫苗事件已对公众接种乙肝疫苗和预防接种安全性的信心产生较大影响。有必要向公众通过电视、网络等途径开展宣传,普及疫苗接种的相关知识,并建立多部门有效沟通机制。政府部门及时发声,公布相关调查结果,正确引导舆论,消除公众的疑虑非常重要。
Objective To understand the attitudes and behavior changes of public vaccination against hepatitis B after the 2013 hepatitis B (hepatitis B) vaccine coverage reported by the media in order to provide references for formulating publicity strategies. Methods In order to facilitate the sampling, this survey was conducted by on-site interception investigation in public places in three cities and prefectures of Xinjiang and Hunan provinces (autonomous regions). The investigation was conducted at the State Food and Drug Administration and the National Health and Family Planning Commission After the sub-media briefing, the survey was completed through face-to-face questions and answers. Results The public awareness of the hepatitis B vaccine reported by the media was 53.57%. The awareness rate among children with children was significantly higher than that without children (χ ~ 2 = 79.063, P <0.001). Knowing the incident, the proportion of people who think the hepatitis B vaccine is very safe and safe dropped from 60.78% before the incident to 49.02%, a decrease of 19.35%. After the State Food and Drug Administration and the State Health and Family Planning Commission announced the results of the vaccine test and the case investigation, only 51.68% of them considered the hepatitis B vaccine safe and safe. More than half of medical staff on hepatitis B vaccine safety dubious. Public access to the main means of television and the Internet. Conclusion The reported cases of hepatitis B vaccine in the media have had a great impact on the public’s confidence in the safety of hepatitis B vaccination and vaccination. There is a need to educate the public through television, internet and other means, popularize the knowledge about vaccination and establish a multi-sectoral effective communication mechanism. It is very important for the government departments to promptly announce their findings and publish the relevant findings so as to guide public opinion correctly and eliminate the public’s doubts.