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本章介绍各类催化剂通过什么因素起催化作用以及催化的规律又是怎样的。对于这个问题,近几十年曾有过一些理论,但从总体来说,它们是不成熟的,不完善的。这些理论只能在局部范围内说明某些催化现象。催化理论远远落后于它的实践,以致在催化剂的选择和制造等方面基本上还处在经验性阶段。辩证唯物主义指出,人们的认识只有在变革事物时,经由实践到认识,认识到实践的多次反复,经由个别到一般,一般到个别的多次反复才能完成。这也是催化理论发展的正确道路。我们从现有的理论中,选出此较基本和可靠的结果,向读者作概括介绍。我们应在自已的实践中去进一步验证它们,并发展我们自己的催化理论。这章分四个题目:络合催化剂及络合催化,酸碱及酸碱催化,金属及其催化作用,金属氧化物及其催化作用。
This chapter describes what kind of catalyst through various factors from the catalytic role as well as the catalytic law is what. There have been some theories about this issue in recent decades, but on the whole, they are immature and imperfect. These theories can only explain some of the catalytic phenomena in a local context. The theory of catalysis falls far behind its practice, so that it is basically still in the empirical stage in terms of catalyst selection and manufacturing. Dialectical materialism points out that people’s understanding can be accomplished only through the process of changing things, through practice, through recognizing the multiple repetitions of practice, and from individual to general to individual repeated. This is also the correct way for the development of catalytic theory. From the existing theory, we select the more basic and reliable results, to summarize the reader. We should further validate them in our own practice and develop our own theory of catalysis. This chapter is divided into four topics: complexation catalysts and complex catalysis, acid and alkali and acid-base catalysis, metal and its catalytic role, metal oxides and their catalytic role.