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特殊值法,作为高中数学的重要内容,它在小学数学中也有着很大的作用,极大地提高了学生的解题能力。特殊值法在题目所给的范围内取一个恰当的特殊值直接代入,将复杂的问题简单化的方法。特殊值法必须选取满足题干的特殊数、特殊点、特殊函数、特殊数列或特殊图形代替一般的情况,并由此计算出结果,从而快速解题。本文中笔者结合自己的教学实际谈谈特殊值法在小学五年级数学例题中的一些简单应用。
The special value method, as an important part of high school mathematics, also plays an important role in elementary mathematics, which greatly improves students’ ability to solve problems. The special value method takes a proper special value directly in the range given by the title and simplifies the complicated problem. The special value method must select special cases, special points, special functions, special series or special graphics to satisfy the general situation, and calculate the result so as to solve the problem quickly. In this paper, the author combined his own teaching practice to talk about the special value method in elementary fifth grade mathematics examples of some simple applications.