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本文根据黄河下游多年实测资料,分析了水流流量、含沙量以及泥沙粒径、河床形态等因素对下游河道输沙能力的影响,探讨了黄河下游河道的输沙规律,并以三门峡水库投入运用后下游实测资料,利用多元回归分析方法,建立并验证了全下游河道输沙率关系式。本文根据黄河下游河道的输沙特性,对小浪底水库的运用方式提出三个方案,分析了不同运用方式对减轻下游河道淤积的作用。结果表明,只要运用得当,减淤效果显著,在水库最初25年运用期内可使下游河道减淤近67亿吨,相当于下游河道17年以上的淤积量,水库拦沙减淤比可达1.1∶1。
Based on the measured data in the lower reaches of the Yellow River for many years, this paper analyzes the effects of water flow, sediment concentration, sediment size and riverbed morphology on the sediment transport capacity of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, discusses the sediment transport laws of the lower Yellow River, Using the downstream measured data and the multiple regression analysis method, the relationship between the sediment yield and the sediment yield of the whole downstream reaches was established and verified. Based on the characteristics of sediment transport in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, this paper proposes three schemes for the application of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, and analyzes the effects of different modes of application on mitigating sedimentation in downstream rivers. The results show that as long as the application is proper, the effect of siltation reduction is significant. In the first 25 years of reservoir operation, the downstream channel can be reduced by nearly 6.7 billion tons, equivalent to more than 17 years of sedimentation in the downstream channel. 1.1: 1.