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一、问题的提出:严复的误译严复以译介英国穆勒的自由主义著名,其中他所翻译的《群己权界论》对中国近代的自由主义思想的发生和发展产生了重大的影响。然而,有学者对严复的译文与穆勒的原文比较之后,发现存在许多“误译”:穆勒自由主义和严复所译穆勒自由主义之间存在着很大的差距,译文和原著之间的差距主要表现在五个方面,而其中最重要的两个方面是:“甲是严复无法翻译一些与悲观主义认识论密切相关的语汇;乙是严复在翻译一些西方个体主义的基本词汇时遭遇许多困难。”(黄克武,2000:125,152)通过比较,我们发现:严复译文所表达的意思与原文的意思之间存在着相当的距离,这种距离不完全是字面上的,更是深层的文化和语言上的。
First, the question is raised: Yan Fu’s mistranslation Yan Fu is well-known for the translation of British Mill’s liberalism. His translation of “the theory of group and individual rights” has a significant impact on the occurrence and development of modern liberal thought in China. However, some scholars find that there are many “mistranslations” after comparing Yan’s translation with Mueller’s original text: There is a big gap between Mueller’s liberalism and Mill’s liberalism by Yan Fu. There are mainly five aspects in the gap between the two. The two most important aspects are: "A is Yan Fu’s inability to translate some of the most relevant vocabulary of pessimistic epistemology; B is Yan Fu’s translation of some basic concepts of Western individualism (Huang Kewu, 2000: 125,152) By comparison, we found that there is a considerable distance between the meaning expressed by Yan Fu’s translation and the meaning of the original. Such a distance is not entirely literal, it is even more Deep cultural and linguistic.