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最常见的氰化物为氰化钾(KCN)和氰化钠(NaCN),二者均为白色结晶,能溶于水。氰化钾的分子量为65.12,氰化钠为49.01。氰化钾和氰化钠广泛用于电镀、矿石浮选、贵重金属提取等工业,又是制造多种化学制品(如树脂、炸药、醛、腈等)的重要原料。氰化钾和氰化钠还是煤气、焦化、高炉等生产中的副产品。因此,许多工业部门排出的废水含有氰化物。
The most common cyanides are potassium cyanide (KCN) and sodium cyanide (NaCN), both of which are white crystalline and soluble in water. The potassium cyanide has a molecular weight of 65.12 and sodium cyanide of 49.01. Potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide are widely used in electroplating, ore flotation, extraction of precious metals and other industries, but also an important raw material for the manufacture of a variety of chemicals (such as resins, explosives, aldehydes, nitriles, etc.). Potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide are also by-products of gas, coking, and blast furnace production. Therefore, wastewater discharged from many industrial sectors contains cyanide.