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“立体农业”是应用热带、亚热带“植物群落”结构的原理,选择经济效益高,生态上能协调生长的作物建立起来的“人工群落”。“立体农业”中、下层的耐荫作物,应在上层作物树冠投影下,在同一土地上能协调生长,长期共存,充分利用不同层次空间的光能,从而达到提高土地利用率和作物增产的目的。它与上层作物郁闭前,为了充分利用株行间的空地,不需要考虑作物间的生态协调和长期共存所进行的短期作物的间作套种所达到“以短养长”的目的意义不同。在胶园内进行耐荫作物(如茶叶、咖啡和肉桂等)间作建立起来的“立体农业”,在胶树有灾害的地区,不但能提高土地利用率和经济效益,同时由于下层作物一般适生稳产性较胶树强,一旦胶树出现重霜,寒,风灾,使经济受损,而下层作物则会增加收成去弥补橡胶的损失,故还具有较大的抗灾作用。对广西寒害胶园的间作来说,由于胶树逐年的寒害损失是不可避免的,所以,胶园的下层间作物,也将会过渡成为更替胶树的主栽优势作物。胶团“立体农业”组成的两种(或以上)作物的产量,并不一定能达到纯作时的产量之和(即数学上的1+1=2),但一般都可以达到0.7+0.8=1.5(如胶茶间作),即可提高土地利用率和产量的50%。要使“立体农业”中所结合的作物能处在最佳的生长状态和获得稳定而优质高产的产品,还必须对结合的作物,进行适当的农业技术,如合理的修枝整型,土壤的水、肥管理、才能使农业的“人工群落”比自然的“植物群落”获得更大的生产量。
The “three-dimensional agriculture” is a “artificial community” established by applying the structure of tropical and subtropical “plant communities” and selecting crops with high economic benefits and ecologically compatible growth. In the “three-dimensional agriculture”, the shade-resistant crops in the lower layer should coordinate and grow on the same land under the crown of the upper crop and co-exist for a long time, and make full use of the light energy in different levels of space so as to improve the utilization rate of land and the increase of crop yield purpose. In order to make full use of the open space between the lines before it closes with the upper crops, it is not meaningful to achieve the goal of “short growing” without inter-crop ecological coordination and long-term intercropping intercropping. The “three-dimensional agriculture” established between the shade-resistant crops (such as tea, coffee and cinnamon) in the rubber plantation will not only increase the land utilization and economic benefits in the disaster-prone areas of gum trees, Health and stability than the strong gum tree, once the gum tree appears heavy frost, cold, wind disaster, so that economic damage, while the lower crops will increase the harvest to make up for the loss of rubber, it also has a greater disaster effect. As to the intercropping of Hualing rubber plantation in Guangxi, due to the year-by-year loss of rubber trees is inevitable, the lower crops in the rubber plantation will also become the main crops for replanting. The production of two (or more) crops composed of micelles “three-dimensional agriculture” does not necessarily yield the sum of the purely crop yields (ie 1 + 1 = 2 mathematically), but generally it can reach 0.7 + 0.8 = 1.5 (such as plastic tea intercropping), you can increase land utilization and output of 50%. The combination of crops in the “three-dimensional agriculture” in the best growth conditions and access to stable and high-quality products, but also must be combined for the crop, the appropriate agricultural techniques, such as reasonable pruning, soil Of the water, fertilizer management, in order to make the agricultural “artificial community” than the natural “plant community” to obtain greater production.