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在麻疹疫苗问世以前,麻疹是严重威胁儿童健康的最常见的传染病。麻疹易感者接触麻疹病人以后的感染率近100％(包括隐性感染在内)。麻疹患儿易并发肺炎、喉炎等,肺炎的发生率约为5％,病死率近10％。麻疹常呈周期性流行,在大城市每隔1～2年即有一次流行,在较偏僻的农村流行间隔较长,但一且发生流行则较严重。 1963年国内外开始应用麻疹疫苗。我国自制的高度减毒活疫苗的性能已达国际水平,免疫效果及安全性均较好。麻疹疫苗的普遍接种,打破了麻疹流行的周期性,使麻疹的发病率大为下降。以长春市为例,1965年开始给易感儿全面普种麻疹疫苗,1966年以
Before the advent of measles vaccine, measles was the most common infectious disease that posed a serious threat to children’s health. Measles susceptible contacts with measles patients after the infection rate of nearly 100% (including latent infection). Children with measles complicated with pneumonia, laryngitis, the incidence of pneumonia is about 5%, the mortality rate of nearly 10%. The measles is often endemic, circulating once every 1 to 2 years in large cities, with longer intervals in more remote rural areas, but more prevalent when it occurs. In 1963, measles vaccine started to be applied at home and abroad. The performance of our country-made highly attenuated live vaccine has reached the international level, and the immune effect and safety are better. The universal vaccination of measles vaccines has broken the cyclical epidemic of measles and has led to a sharp decline in the incidence of measles. To Changchun City, for example, started in 1965 to susceptible children a comprehensive universal measles vaccine, 1966 to