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1940年S.OKA发现了应力引起的声双折射现象.此后,随着发射和检测超声波技术的进展,近年来有人提出各种方法用来测定应力引起的声双折射、声速和声频谱变化.测出这些变化便能定出施加在物体上的外力和残余应力.目前,超声波应力分析方法引起了人们的广泛注意,并开始形成一门与光弹性力学相类似的新学科——“声弹性力学”.
S. Okazaki discovered stress-induced acoustic birefringence in 1940. Since then, as emission and detection of ultrasonic techniques have progressed, various methods have been proposed in recent years to determine stress-induced acoustic birefringence, sound velocity and acoustic spectral changes. Measured by these changes will be able to set the external forces and residual stress applied to the object.At present, ultrasonic stress analysis has aroused widespread attention and began to form a new discipline similar to photoelasticity - “acoustic elasticity Mechanics. ”