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在含30wt％ NdCl_3 的等摩尔KCl、NaCl熔体中,以下沉液态铝为阴极在700℃下系统地进行了熔盐电解制取钕—铝母合金的研究。采用纯氯化物熔体时,最佳电流效率仅达79％,因为该熔体在电解过程中造渣多,阴极上易生成枝状沉积物。机械搅拌能破坏枝状物的生长使电效提高到91％。针对造渣问题向氯化物熔体添加氟化物,以改善熔体性能提高铝热还原能力,在敞开式电解槽中勿需搅拌便能制得钕—铝母合金。研究了氟化物对熔体相变点和钕离子在铝阴极上析出电位的影响,阐明了氟化物的消渣作用。
The study of neodymium-aluminum mother alloy prepared by molten salt electrolysis at 700 ℃ was carried out in the equimolar KCl, NaCl melt containing 30wt% NdCl_3. With pure chloride melt, the best current efficiency is only 79%, because the melt in the electrolysis process more slag, the cathode prone to dendritic sediment. Mechanical agitation can destroy the growth of dendrites and increase the electrical efficiency to 91%. Adding fluoride to the chloride melt for slagging issues to improve melt properties and improve the aluminum thermal reduction ability. Neodymium-aluminum master alloys can be prepared without agitation in an open cell. The influence of fluoride on the melting point and the precipitation potential of neodymium ion on the aluminum cathode were studied. The role of fluoride in slag removal was clarified.