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1.前言1993年,密西西比河上游发生特大洪水,洪灾损失达120～160亿美元。1993年前的10年间,美国年均洪灾损失额均超过了30亿美元。以此为转机,美国全国开始对洪泛区利用和防洪措施给予了极大的关注。1994年1月,为了研究面向21世纪的洪泛区管理态势,在白宫设立了有关部局洪泛区管理委员会。同年6月,提出了研究结果报告,从而使美国向新的防洪政策迈出了第一步。下面介绍以下美国防洪政策的历史和今后的发展趋势。
1. Foreword In 1993, there was a catastrophic flood in the upper Mississippi River, with a flood loss of 12-160 billion U.S. dollars. In the 10 years prior to 1993, the average annual U.S. flood loss exceeded 3 billion U.S. dollars. Taking this as a turning point, the United States started to pay great attention to the floodplain utilization and flood control measures. In January 1994, in order to study the trend of floodplain management facing the 21st century, a floodplain management committee of the relevant ministry was set up in the White House. In June of the same year, the report of the research results was presented so that the United States took the first step toward a new flood control policy. The following describes the history of U.S. flood prevention policies and their future development trends.