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摘 要：现在分词作状语在短文阅读中是频繁出现的常见结构，对于这种语法现象的掌握熟练程度直接关系到学生对文章理解的力度。本文探讨了现在分词作状语的基本用法。
关键词：高中英语；现在分词；状语
中国分类号：G427 文献标识码：A文章编号：1992-7711（2010）4-089 -01
现在分词作状语时，主句的主语就是现在分词的逻辑上的主语。它通常表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或是陪衬。
一、现在分词作时间状语。
1. Hearing the sound，many people came running to see what had happened. =As/When they heard the sound, many people came running to see what had happened. 听到了声音，许多人跑出来看发生了什么事。
2. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. = When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy. 听到了声音，他们都高兴地跳了起来。
二、现在分词作原因状语 (注意它位置的灵活性)。
1. Being sick, I stayed at home. = Because I was sick, I stayed at home. 我因病待在家中。
2. At last, being tired of waiting, we started off without him. =At last, as we were tired of waiting, we started off without him. 等得不耐烦了，最后，我们没带他就出发了。
三、现在分词作方式状语：划线部分可以用how来提问。
1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily pointing to the notice. “你看不见吗？” 玛丽指着通知生气地说。
2. He came running towards us. 他跑着到我们这边来。
四、现在分词作伴随状语: 所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 含伴随状语的句子大都可以改为并列句。
1. He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. 他给我发了一个邮件，希望得到更多的信息。
2. They went out of the hall, talking and laughing. 他们出了大厅，又说又笑。
注意：有时现在分词作方式状语或作伴随状语区别不大明显，因而很难区分。
五、现在分词作目的状语。
1. The six blind men stood there begging for a meal. 那六位盲人站在那里来乞讨一顿饭。
2. One day a middle-aged woman wrote to a doctor inviting him to have dinner at her house. 一天，一位中年妇女写信给一位医生来邀请他到她家吃饭。
六、现在分词作结果状语。
1. A lot of good land has gone, leaving only sand. 许多好地都消失了，留下的只是沙漠。
2. Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children. 她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。
七、现在分词起补充说明的作用：相当于一个并列分句，但比分句简洁明快。
1. My train started at six, arriving in Beijing at ten. =My train started at six, and arrived in Beijing at ten. 我的这班火车六点出发，十点到北京。
2. “We can’t get out in this weather,” said Bob, looking out of the window. “ 这种天气我们无法外出”， Bob 看了看窗外说道。
八、现在分词与连词。
分词作状语时，只能根据逻辑关系而不是根据语法特征来判断它是时间状语，条件状语或是让步状语等等。因此有时会碰到很难判断其归属的情况。但如果在分词前加上when, while, since, if, once, though, unless等连词，就会很清楚地表明状语的性质。对于这种结构，我们也可以作另外的解释：它是省略了主语和助动词的某种状语从句。
1. While trying to open the can, I cut my hand. =While I was trying to open the can, I cut my hand. 在试图打开罐头时，我划破了手。
2. Be careful when crossing the street. =Be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时要小心。
3. Since arriving here, we have made many friends. 自从来到这里，我们交了许多朋友。
九、注意事项。
现在分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的。如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，就要用完成形式：
1. Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema. 因为这部电影已经看过两次了，她不想去电影院了。
2. Having worked among the farmers for many years, he knew them very well. 由于他以前和这些农民在一起工作多年，他对他们非常了解。
3. No having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to her. 因为还没有收到回信，他决定再给她写一封信。
关键词：高中英语；现在分词；状语
中国分类号：G427 文献标识码：A文章编号：1992-7711（2010）4-089 -01
现在分词作状语时，主句的主语就是现在分词的逻辑上的主语。它通常表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或是陪衬。
一、现在分词作时间状语。
1. Hearing the sound，many people came running to see what had happened. =As/When they heard the sound, many people came running to see what had happened. 听到了声音，许多人跑出来看发生了什么事。
2. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. = When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy. 听到了声音，他们都高兴地跳了起来。
二、现在分词作原因状语 (注意它位置的灵活性)。
1. Being sick, I stayed at home. = Because I was sick, I stayed at home. 我因病待在家中。
2. At last, being tired of waiting, we started off without him. =At last, as we were tired of waiting, we started off without him. 等得不耐烦了，最后，我们没带他就出发了。
三、现在分词作方式状语：划线部分可以用how来提问。
1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said angrily pointing to the notice. “你看不见吗？” 玛丽指着通知生气地说。
2. He came running towards us. 他跑着到我们这边来。
四、现在分词作伴随状语: 所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 含伴随状语的句子大都可以改为并列句。
1. He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. 他给我发了一个邮件，希望得到更多的信息。
2. They went out of the hall, talking and laughing. 他们出了大厅，又说又笑。
注意：有时现在分词作方式状语或作伴随状语区别不大明显，因而很难区分。
五、现在分词作目的状语。
1. The six blind men stood there begging for a meal. 那六位盲人站在那里来乞讨一顿饭。
2. One day a middle-aged woman wrote to a doctor inviting him to have dinner at her house. 一天，一位中年妇女写信给一位医生来邀请他到她家吃饭。
六、现在分词作结果状语。
1. A lot of good land has gone, leaving only sand. 许多好地都消失了，留下的只是沙漠。
2. Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children. 她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。
七、现在分词起补充说明的作用：相当于一个并列分句，但比分句简洁明快。
1. My train started at six, arriving in Beijing at ten. =My train started at six, and arrived in Beijing at ten. 我的这班火车六点出发，十点到北京。
2. “We can’t get out in this weather,” said Bob, looking out of the window. “ 这种天气我们无法外出”， Bob 看了看窗外说道。
八、现在分词与连词。
分词作状语时，只能根据逻辑关系而不是根据语法特征来判断它是时间状语，条件状语或是让步状语等等。因此有时会碰到很难判断其归属的情况。但如果在分词前加上when, while, since, if, once, though, unless等连词，就会很清楚地表明状语的性质。对于这种结构，我们也可以作另外的解释：它是省略了主语和助动词的某种状语从句。
1. While trying to open the can, I cut my hand. =While I was trying to open the can, I cut my hand. 在试图打开罐头时，我划破了手。
2. Be careful when crossing the street. =Be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时要小心。
3. Since arriving here, we have made many friends. 自从来到这里，我们交了许多朋友。
九、注意事项。
现在分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的。如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，就要用完成形式：
1. Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema. 因为这部电影已经看过两次了，她不想去电影院了。
2. Having worked among the farmers for many years, he knew them very well. 由于他以前和这些农民在一起工作多年，他对他们非常了解。
3. No having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to her. 因为还没有收到回信，他决定再给她写一封信。