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为探讨海水中石油烃对栉孔扇贝生物转化酶和DNA损伤的影响,将栉孔扇贝分别置于含4个浓度梯度(0.1mg·L-1,0.3mg·L-1,1.0mg·L-1和3.0mg·L-1)石油烃的海水中进行为期30d的暴露实验,取消化盲囊和鳃丝分别测定其7-乙氧基异吩恶唑脱乙基酶(7-Ethoxy-Resorufin-O-Deethylase,EROD)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(Glutathione S-Transferase,GST)活性和DNA损伤F值。结果显示,除0.1mg·L-1浓度组各指标变化不明显外,其余各处理组各指标随时间都出现不同程度的变化。消化盲囊和鳃丝EROD活力相对于对照组都明显被激活,消化盲囊EROD活力随时间内一直呈现上升趋势,在第30d达到最大值,而鳃丝EROD活力从3d后趋于稳定;消化盲囊和鳃丝GST酶活性在0.3mg·L-1处理组明显被激活,在其余两个高浓度组呈现先激活,最后显著被抑制的趋势,鳃丝GST酶活性被较早的抑制;消化盲囊和鳃丝DNA损伤F值在各浓度组随时间明显下降,呈现剂量-效应和时间-效应关系,鳃丝下降幅度较为明显。结果表明,扇贝对0.3mg·L-1以下浓度石油烃暴露具有一定的耐受性,可以通过提升自身生物转化酶活性等功能进行解毒,而对于1.0mg·L-1以上浓度的石油烃暴露,机体显示出明显的致毒效应,鳃丝受到损伤程度较消化盲囊明显,三种指标结合在一起研究能够反映机体受石油烃影响解毒和受损伤的过程,是较好的反映海水石油烃污染程度的生物学指标。
In order to investigate the effect of petroleum hydrocarbon in seawater on the biotransformation enzyme and DNA damage of scallop Chlamys farreri, 1 and 3.0 mg · L-1) petroleum hydrocarbon for 30 days. The 7-Ethoxy-Resorufin (7-Ethoxy-Resorufin) -O-Deethylase, EROD), Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) activity and DNA damage. The results showed that, except 0.1mg · L-1 concentration of each group of indicators did not change significantly, the rest of the treatment group indicators with time varying degrees of change. The EROD activities of digestive bulb and gill filaments were obviously activated compared with that of the control group. The activity of EROD in digestive sacs increased with the increasing of time and reached the maximum value at 30 days, while the activity of EROD in gill filaments tended to be stable after 3d. GST activity in the carapace and gill filaments was obviously activated in 0.3 mg · L-1 treatment group, and then activated in the other two high concentration groups. Finally, the GST enzyme activity in gill filaments was inhibited earlier. D value of digestive blind capsule and gill filament DNA damage decreased significantly with time in each concentration group, showing a dose-effect and time-effect relationship, gill filaments decreased more significantly. The results showed that scallop had certain tolerance to the exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons below 0.3 mg · L-1 and could be detoxified by enhancing the activity of its own biotransformation enzyme. However, scallop exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons at concentrations above 1.0 mg · L-1 , The body showed obvious toxic effects, gill filaments were more damage than the digestive blind cyst, the combination of three indicators to study the body can be affected by the impact of petroleum hydrocarbons detoxification and damage process is a better reflection of seawater petroleum hydrocarbons Biological indicators of pollution levels.