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目的通过对职业砷暴露作业工人健康指标及尿总砷(TAs)、尿形态砷水平测定分析,初步揭示人体内形态砷对人体健康的影响。方法选择2家有色金属冶炼企业(铅冶炼、锡冶炼各1)砷暴露作业工人(暴露组)137人为研究对象。暴露组中铅冶炼组40人,锡冶炼组97人;无砷接触者(小学教师)42人为对照组,进行尿总砷及尿价态砷测定及健康监护,并测定作业场所砷化合物浓度。并对尿总砷、尿价态砷与健康检查结果进行分析。结果暴露组锡、铅两冶炼厂检测岗位平均砷化合物浓度均超过国家职业卫生标准,分别为0.52 mg/m3、0.20 mg/m3;暴露组的TAs、DMA(二甲基砷酸盐)含量与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);暴露组及对照组尿中价态砷主要以DMA为主,均占形态砷含量的90%以上;车间空气中的砷化合物浓度与砷暴露工人尿总砷、DMA成正相关关系。随着总砷、DMA浓度的升高,转氨酶升高、血红细胞下降趋势;肝脏B超及心电图异常检出率亦随之升高。结论砷暴露的作业工人随着接触砷浓度增高,体内总砷、DMA随之增高,形态砷(特别是DMA)对肝脏、心脏、肾脏、红细胞等损害作用越明显。说明形态砷(特别是DMA)与砷暴露作业工人身体健康有一定的关系,因此,为进一步阐明形态砷的毒性作用,有必要在砷暴露作业工人职业健康体检中行尿形态砷检查。
OBJECTIVE: To reveal the effects of arsenic in human body on human health by measuring and analyzing the health indicators of occupational arsenic exposed workers and the determination of urinary total arsenic (TAs) and urine arsenic levels. Methods A total of 137 arsenic exposed workers (exposed group) from two non-ferrous metal smelting enterprises (lead smelting and tin smelting 1) were selected as research objects. In the exposure group, there were 40 people in the lead smelting group and 97 in the tin smelting group. 42 people without arsenic contact (primary school teachers) were the control group. The arsenic and urinary excretion of urinary excretion of arsenic and health monitoring were measured. The urinary total arsenic, urinary arsenic and health examination results were analyzed. Results The average concentrations of arsenic compounds in the test posts of tin and lead smelters in the exposed group exceeded the national occupational health standards by 0.52 mg / m3 and 0.20 mg / m3, respectively. The contents of TAs, DMA (dimethyl arsenate) (P <0.01). The price of arsenic in urine was mainly dominated by DMA in the exposed group and the control group, accounting for more than 90% of the total arsenic. The concentration of arsenic in the air of the workshop and the arsenic exposure Total urinary arsenic and DMA in workers were positively correlated. With the increase of total arsenic and DMA, the transaminase increased and the red blood cells decreased. The detection rate of liver ultrasonography and electrocardiogram also increased. Conclusion Arsenic exposed workers exposed to arsenic increased the concentration of total arsenic and DMA, and the effect of arsenic (especially DMA) on liver, heart, kidney and erythrocytes was more obvious. Therefore, to further elucidate the toxic effect of morphological arsenic, it is necessary to perform urinary arsenic test in the occupational health examination of arsenic-exposed workers.