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为了确定黄土高原旱作区不同树势幼龄‘富士’树的适宜修剪方法,以2年生‘长富2号’苹果为试材,进行每15 cm留1个侧枝(轻剪)、疏除全部侧枝(重剪)2种修剪量,配合中央领导干延长头中短截(剪去1/2)、轻短截(剪去1/4~1/3)、不短截3种修剪方法,测定修剪后1年的主干、延长头、发侧枝数等修剪反应指标。结果表明:修剪量、延长头修剪方法对不同树势幼树的主干增长量、延长头生长量、发枝量、长势均有显著影响。弱树采用重修剪中短截方式修剪主干增粗、发枝数、延长头生长量显著优于其他修剪处理。中庸树采用轻修剪轻短截主干增粗及延长头生长量显著优于其他处理。旺树采用重剪配合延长头轻短截或轻剪配合延长头不短截显著增粗主干、中心干延长头生长及均衡发枝。在旱作区,幼龄红富士弱树适宜采用重剪、延长头中短截,旺树、中庸树适宜采用重修剪不短截延长头来培养纺锤形树形。
In order to determine the appropriate pruning method for juvenile ’Fuji’ trees with different tree vigor in the arid area of the Loess Plateau, a 2-year-old ’Fu-Fu 2’ All the branches (heavy shear) 2 kinds of pruning amount, with the central leadership of the stem extension of the short cut (cut to 1/2), short cut (cut 1/4 to 1/3), not short cut 3 kinds of trimming methods , Determination of 1 year after pruning trunk, extension of the head, the number of lateral branches and other pruning response indicators. The results showed that the pruning amount and extension pruning method had significant effects on the growth of trunk, the growth of shoots, the number of shoots and the growth of saplings in different tree species. Weak tree pruning in the use of short truncated truncated trunk thickening, the number of branches, the extension of the growth of the head was significantly better than the other pruning treatment. The moderate tree with light pruning light truncated truncated stem thickening and elongation of growth was significantly better than other treatments. Mong tree with heavy shear with extension head light short cut or light shear with the extension of the first non-stubby significant thickening of the trunk, the center of the dry growth of the head growth and balanced hair. In the rainfed area, young Red Fuji weak trees suitable for heavy shear, to extend the head short stub, Mongolian tree, moderate tree suitable for re-pruning not short cut extension head to cultivate spindle-shaped tree.