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表面污染的测量在降低体内污染危险方面是一项重要工具。擦拭法(the smear method)是使用最广泛的表面监测方法。但它存在一些缺点,如(1)被污染表面的物理条件可能影响擦拭效率;(2)当表面形状复杂时,在同样条件下,并非总能进行擦拭;(3)擦拭效率可能还与擦拭方式有关,而擦拭方式因人而异;(4)固定在表面上的污染不能用此法测定;(5)因测得的擦拭数据受上述因素的影响,因而一般不能客观地比较不同的放射性同位素机构中不同操作者所测得的这些数据。
Measurement of surface contamination is an important tool in reducing the risk of contamination in the body. The smear method is the most widely used method of surface monitoring. However, it has some disadvantages, such as (1) the physical condition of the contaminated surface may affect the wiping efficiency; (2) wiping is not always possible under the same conditions when the surface shape is complicated; (3) (4) The contamination on the surface can not be measured by this method; (5) The measured wiping data are generally not able to compare different radioactivity objectively due to the above factors These data were measured by different operators in isotope agencies.