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为提高秸秆还田的利用效率,采用大田试验研究了秸秆还田及配肥对小麦产量及土壤理化性状的影响,为干旱区土壤培肥提供科学依据。在常规施肥的基础上设置半量秸秆(S1)、全量秸秆(S2)、有机肥(M)、复混肥(CF)、全量秸秆与有机肥(S2+M)、全量秸秆与复混肥(S2+CF)配施6个处理。结果表明,秸秆配施肥(S2+M)、(S2+CF)对提高小麦的株高、单穗重、穗长和单株穗粒数效果优于单施秸秆处理(S1、S2);秸秆配施肥产量显著高于CK。秸秆配施肥显著降低了0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤容重,提高了0~20 cm土层阳离子交换量,而对20~40 cm影响不显著。秸秆配施肥0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于单施秸秆处理,而单施秸秆处理显著高于单施有机肥和复混肥处理。因此,在施氮、磷肥的基础上全量秸秆还田与有机肥或复混肥配合施用,能更有利于滴灌农田土壤肥力的提升。
In order to improve the utilization efficiency of straw returning, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of straw returning and fertilization on wheat yield and soil physical and chemical properties to provide a scientific basis for soil fertility improvement in arid areas. On the basis of conventional fertilization, half amount of straw (S1), total amount of straw (S2), organic fertilizer (M), compound fertilizer (CF), total amount of straw and organic fertilizer (S2 + M), total amount of straw and compound fertilizer S2 + CF) with 6 treatments. The results showed that the effect of straw combined with fertilizers (S2 + M) and (S2 + CF) on wheat plant height, spike weight per panicle, spike length and spike per plant was better than that of single straw (S1, S2) With fertilizer production was significantly higher than CK. Straw application of fertilizers significantly reduced soil bulk density in 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm soil layers, increased cation exchange capacity in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer, but had no significant effect on 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers were significantly higher than those in single straw application, while those in single straw application were significantly higher than those in single organic Fertilizer and compound fertilizer treatment. Therefore, on the basis of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, the total amount of straw returned to the field and organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer with the application can be more conducive to the improvement of soil fertility of drip irrigation farmland.