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三江平原是我国湿地的集中分布区，其中有低湿农田２０６．７万ｈｍ２，占耕地面积３７０．１万ｈｍ２的５５．８％，为了在低湿农田上实现“两高一优”，国家科委从“六五”至“八五”期间，对涝、渍治理组织了科技攻关，研究低湿农田的“四水”转化规律，使天然的、不利于农业的水资源分布，在一定程度上转化为对作物生长有利的分布。为此主要是靠田间水利工程措施和农业耕作措施改变下垫面条件达到。转化多数为渗透系数、地表径流系数、给水度、降雨对潜水补给系数、潜水蒸发系数等５个可用公式估算。
Sanjiang Plain is a concentrated wetland distribution area in China, of which 2.067 million hm2 of low-humid farmland, accounting for 55.8% of the farmland area of 3.71 million hm2. In order to achieve “two high and one excellent” on low-humid farmland, the State Science and Technology Commission From the “Sixth Five-Year Plan” to the “Eighth Five-Year Plan” period, scientific and technological research was done on waterlogging and stains management to study the transformation rules of “four water” in low-humid farmland so as to transform natural and unfavorable agricultural water resources distribution to a certain extent It is a favorable distribution for crop growth. To this end, it mainly depends on field water conservancy engineering measures and agricultural cultivation measures to change underlying surface conditions. The majority of transformations are estimated by five available formulas: permeability coefficient, surface runoff coefficient, water supply, rainfall recharge factor, and diving evaporation coefficient.