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目的:进一步了解长春外五县地区围产儿出生缺陷的发生水平及其特征,探讨出生缺陷的影响因素,制定降低长春外五县地区出生缺陷发生的干预措施。方法:采用定量研究和定性研究的方法,对2008~2012年间长春外五县地区出生缺陷资料进行回顾性分析,对出生缺陷发生率、缺陷类型等进行统计学分析。结果:2008~2012年长春外五县地区共有围产儿133 594例,其中出生缺陷儿共计817例,出生缺陷发生率为6.12‰。长春外五县地区五大高发出生缺陷分别为:先天性脑积水、唇裂合并腭裂、唇裂、脊柱裂和先天性心脏病。2008~2012年长春外五县地区出生缺陷发生率最高的均为先天性脑积水。结论:2008~2012年长春外五县出生缺陷发生率低于全国水平。先天性脑积水发生率在五年间持续位于第一顺位。在今后工作中应采取相关措施以提高出生缺陷孕期筛查的广度和水平,降低出生缺陷儿的发生率,提高人口素质。
OBJECTIVE: To further understand the incidence and characteristics of birth defects in five counties of Changchun, to explore the influencing factors of birth defects and to develop interventions to reduce birth defects in the five counties of Changchun. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to analyze the data of birth defects in the five counties of Changchun from 2008 to 2012. The incidence of birth defects and the types of defects were statistically analyzed. Results: From 2008 to 2012, there were 133 594 perinatal infants in the five counties of Changchun, of which 817 were born with birth defects and the incidence of birth defects was 6.12 ‰. Changchun five counties outside the five high birth defects were: congenital hydrocephalus, cleft lip cleft palate, cleft lip, spina bifida and congenital heart disease. From 2008 to 2012, the highest incidence of birth defects in the five counties of Changchun was congenital hydrocephalus. Conclusion: The incidence of birth defects in the five counties of Changchun from 2008 to 2012 is lower than the national average. The incidence of congenital hydrocephalus continued in the first place in five years. In future work, relevant measures should be taken to improve the breadth and depth of screening during pregnancy, to reduce the incidence of birth defects and improve the quality of the population.