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目的分析2011-2012年海南省手足口病流行特征,探讨流行规律,为其防控提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对中国疾病监测信息系统中报告的手足口病监测资料和病原学检测结果进行分析。结果 2011年海南省报告手足口病病例50 716例,发病率584.86/105,重症病例976例,死亡病例33例。2012年报告手足口病病例47 715例,发病率为543.83/105,重症病例512例,死亡病例8例。发病呈现4~7月(3~5月)和9~11月两个高峰,病例以5岁以下婴幼儿为主,1~2岁组发病率最高,为13 766.25/105。男女性别比例1.79∶1,病例以散居儿童为主,主要集中在北部和东部地区。重症病例和死亡病例EV71阳性比例高于普通病例。EV71肠道病毒构成的比例与重症病例比例呈正相关(Sperman秩相关相关系数r=0.601,P=0.000)。结论海南省为手足口病的高流行区,开展病原学监测、加强重点人群和重点场所的综合防控措施是防控工作的主要策略。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Hainan from 2011 to 2012, discuss the epidemic rules and provide a scientific basis for its prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze HFMD surveillance data and pathogen detection results reported in China Disease Surveillance Information System. Results In Hainan Province in 2011, 50 716 HFMD cases were reported, with a prevalence of 584.86 / 105, 976 severe cases and 33 fatal cases. In 2012, 47 715 HFMD cases were reported, with a prevalence of 543.83 / 105, 512 severe cases and 8 deaths. The incidence of the disease ranged from April to July (March to May) and from September to November. The cases were mainly infants under 5 years of age with the highest incidence of 13,766.25 / 105 in the age group of 1 to 2 years. The male-female ratio was 1.79: 1. The majority of cases were scattered children, mainly in the northern and eastern regions. Severe cases and deaths EV71 positive ratio higher than the common cases. The proportion of EV71 enterovirus was positively correlated with the proportion of severe cases (Sperman rank correlation coefficient r = 0.601, P = 0.000). Conclusion Hainan Province is a high endemic area of hand-foot-mouth disease, and it is the main strategy of prevention and control to carry out the etiological monitoring and strengthen the integrated prevention and control measures of key populations and key places.