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目的调查2012-2013年厦门市同安区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病情况及哮喘发病的危险因素,为今后儿童哮喘的防治工作提供科学依据。方法通过多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,采用2010年第三次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查问卷,调查厦门市同安区10 168名0~14岁儿童哮喘患病情况;其次采用1∶1病例对照研究方法和Logistic回归分析法对哮喘患儿的发病危险因素进行研究。结果在调查的10 168人中,哮喘患儿428人,总患病率为4.21%。男性患病率(5.88%)高于女性(2.28%)(P<0.001)。哮喘患儿中,首次发病以3岁内居多占74.76%;发作诱因最常见的为呼吸道感染占85.61%;发作先兆最常见的为打喷嚏占95.20%;经常发作强度以轻度最常见占68.25%;发作类型以突然发作最多占78.50%;好发季节为换季占50.60%;好发时间为夜间和清晨占71.45%。通过对428例哮喘患儿及428例非哮喘儿童的病例对照研究并且经Logistic回归分析显示,哮喘发病的独立危险因素包括:个人过敏史、过敏性鼻炎、家族过敏史、家族哮喘史(P<0.001)。结论厦门市同安区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率高于10年前厦门市区哮喘发病率。男性哮喘患病率高于女性。个人过敏史、过敏性鼻炎、家族哮喘史及家族过敏史是该地区儿童哮喘发病的独立危险因素。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of asthma and the risk factors of asthma in children aged 0 ~ 14 in Tongan District of Xiamen City from 2012 to 2013, and to provide a scientific basis for future prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. Methods A total of 10 168 children aged 0-14 years old in Tong’an District of Xiamen City were investigated by multistage stratified random cluster sampling method using the third National Children Asthma Epidemiology Questionnaire in 2010. Case-control study and Logistic regression analysis were used to study the risk factors of asthma in children. Results Among the 10 168 people surveyed, 428 children with asthma had a total prevalence of 4.21%. The prevalence of males (5.88%) was higher than that of females (2.28%) (P <0.001). Among the asthmatic children, the first onset accounted for 74.76% of the patients in the first 3 years of age. The most common cause of the attack was respiratory tract infection accounted for 85.61%; the most common onset was 95.20% for sneezing; and the most frequent attack was 68.25 %; Seizure types to sudden attack up to 78.50%; good season for the season accounted for 50.60%; good time for the night and early morning accounted for 71.45%. Through the case-control study of 428 children with asthma and 428 non-asthmatic children, Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors of asthma include personal allergy history, allergic rhinitis, familial allergy history and familial asthma history (P < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of asthma among children aged 0 ~ 14 in Tong’an District of Xiamen City was higher than that of Xiamen City 10 years ago. The prevalence of asthma in males is higher than that in females. History of personal allergies, allergic rhinitis, family history of asthma and family history of allergy is an independent risk factor for childhood asthma in the region.