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【目的】了解目前上海市女童青春期各种性发育指标的年龄特征,分析其变化趋势,以进一步完善我国女性儿童青少年性发育评估体系。【方法】采用分层整群抽样方法选取上海市中小学女生共1 675名,对乳房和第二性征发育水平进行Tanner分期评估,并记录月经初潮情况,概率单位回归法计算各种性发育指标的百分位年龄。【结果】乳房达到TannerⅡ～Ⅴ期的中位年龄分别为8.26、10.62、12.88岁和16.64岁,阴毛达到TannerⅡ～Ⅴ期的中位年龄分别为11.48、12.71、15.23岁和19.07岁,腋毛开始发育和月经初潮的中位年龄分别为11.71岁和12.09岁。【结论】相对于同时期的其他国家,上海市女童的乳房发育较早,阴毛发育相对较晚,整个青春期性发育进程较为缓慢;长期趋势上,月经初潮年龄的再提前现象有待进一步观察。
【Objective】 To understand the age characteristics of various sexual developmental indicators of adolescent girls in Shanghai at present and to analyze their changing trends in order to further improve the assessment system of sexual development of adolescent girls and adolescents in China. 【Method】 The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 675 female students in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai. Tanner staging was used to assess the development of breast and secondary sexual characteristics, and the menarche was recorded. The probability of regression was used to calculate the sexual development The percentile age of the indicator. 【Results】 The median ages of breasts reaching Tanner Ⅱ ~ Ⅴ were 8.26,10.62,12.88 and 16.64 years respectively. The median age of pubic hair reaching Tanner Ⅱ ~ Ⅴ were 11.48, 12.71, 15.23 and 19.07 years respectively. The armpit hair began to develop And the median age of menarche were 11.71 years and 12.09 years respectively. 【Conclusion】 Compared with other countries in the same period, girls in Shanghai developed earlier breasts, pubic hair development was relatively late, and the whole process of puberty development was relatively slow. On the long-term trend, the re-advancement of menarche age needs further observation.