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目的通过对有含麻疹成份疫苗(含麻疫苗,MCV)免疫史的麻疹病例进行流行病学分析,为制定有效防控措施提供理论依据。方法采用非参数统计方法,以广州市2010-2013年4年的麻疹病例作为研究对象,在广州市免疫规划信息管理系统查询病例的含麻疫苗免疫情况,以发病的年龄别差异、疫苗及时接种率、累积接种率以及免疫和发病的时间差作为统计指标进行流行病学分析。结果广州市的麻疹发病已经呈现向低年龄组和成人组双向移位的现象,小于8月龄儿童和15岁以上病例占总病例数的56.96%,是发病的主要人群;8月龄~14岁病例的含麻疫苗首剂及时接种率仅为20.77%,累积接种率只有62.31%,均明显低于广州市的总体水平,差异有统计学意义(χ2=523.96,P<0.05;χ2=991.16,P<0.05);病例在接种MCV疫苗2周内发病的较多,2周后发病数明显下降。结论有含麻疫苗免疫史的麻疹病例可能是接种时已处于潜伏期后期而发病,或者在保护性抗体产生前受到感染,以及免疫失败。
OBJECTIVE: To carry out epidemiological analysis of measles cases with history of immunization of measles-containing vaccine (MCV vaccine) and to provide a theoretical basis for effective prevention and control measures. Methods Non-parametric statistical methods were used to study measles cases from 2010 to 2013 in Guangzhou City. The immunization planning information management system of Guangzhou was used to inquire the immune status of the measles-containing vaccine in Guangzhou. The vaccine was timely vaccinated Rates, cumulative vaccination rates, and time differences in immunization and morbidity were used as statistical indicators for epidemiological analysis. Results The incidence of measles in Guangzhou has been shown to shift bidirectionally to both low-age group and adult group. The incidence of measles in Guangzhou is 56.96% less than 8-month-old children and over 15 years old, The first dose of linen-containing vaccine in aged patients was only 20.77% and the cumulative inoculation rate was 62.31%, which were significantly lower than the overall level in Guangzhou (χ2 = 523.96, P <0.05; χ2 = 991.16 , P <0.05). The incidence of MCV vaccine in 2 weeks was much higher than that of 2 weeks after MCV vaccination. Conclusions Measles cases with a history of immunization with a vaccine containing measles may have been at the late stages of incubation at the time of vaccination or were infected before the protective antibodies were produced and immune failure occurred.