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一篇文言文,实词的意义比较实在,一般工具书也可翻检,几经推敲,尚可明义;但虚词因不表达什么具体意义,在文中只表示某种关系和语气,“千言万语,止此数个虚字出入参伍于其间,而运用无穷”(清袁仁林《虚字说》),所以更显得难以把握。加上汉语语法是属于分析型的,形态变化比较少,虚词的任务和作用更显繁重,整个虚词系统也就格外丰富、细密,它不仅数量多,历史久,而且变化多端,“虚字一乖,
A classical Chinese, the real meaning of the word is more real, general reference books can also be seized, after several scrutiny, but also clear meaning; but the function words do not express any specific meaning, in the text only shows some kind of relationship and tone, “a thousand words, only The number of virtual characters out of the participating in the meantime, and the use of infinity ”(Qingyuan Renlin“ virtual words ”), so even more difficult to grasp. In addition, the Chinese grammar belongs to an analytic type, with relatively few morphological changes. The tasks and functions of the function words are even more arduous. The whole system of function words is especially rich and detailed. It not only has a large number but also a long history, ,