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市场经济的蓬勃发展冲击着以人情联系为基础的社会关系,也要求信用关系发展冲破狭隘的小圈子。信用关系的普遍性取决于社会上既有的信任结构。心理上的信任是一切信用形式的共同基础,也是人类社会成为一个有秩序共同体的基础。信任结构可以区分为特殊主义的信任与普遍主义的信任。按照社会学家的定义,所谓特殊主义信任就是凭借与行为者的特殊关系而认定行为对象身上的价值至上性,而普遍主义信任是独立于行为者与行为对象身份上的特殊关系。信任结构的性质以及特殊主义和普遍主义之间的相互关系决定了各种信用制度的演进过程。
The vigorous development of the market economy has impacted social relations based on human relations and also requires the development of credit relations to break the narrow circle. The universality of credit relations depends on the existing trust structure in society. Psychological trust is the common ground of all forms of credit and the foundation of human society as an orderly community. The structure of trust can be divided into the specialist trust and the universalist trust. According to the definition of sociologists, the so-called special-trust trust refers to the value supremacy of the behavior object by virtue of the special relationship with the actor, and the universal trust is independent of the special relationship between the actor and the identity of the behavior object. The nature of the trust structure and the interaction between specialism and universalism determine the evolution of credit systems.