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抗癫痫药物的发展史 1867年首次将溴化钾使用于月经期癫痫。在巴比妥类药物使用之前溴化物是唯一有效的抗癫痫药物,直到现在,它仍然在治疗合并卟啉症的癫痫中起一定作用,是目前上市抗癫痫药物中唯一不加重该病生化异常的药物,但溴化物在某些病人中有引起皮炎和精神病的副作用。 1912年发现苯巴比妥对癫痫有效,而且其毒性低于溴化物,渐用于临床。以后合成了许多苯巴比妥类似物,其中大约半数于本世纪头35年在美国上市,直到现在该类药物中还有少数如甲基巴比妥、甲基苯巴比妥被证
History of Antiepileptic Drugs For the first time in 1867, potassium bromide was used in menopausal epilepsy. Until the use of barbiturates was the only effective antiepileptic drug, it was still playing a role in the treatment of epilepsy associated with porphyria and was the only drug in the market today that did not exacerbate the biochemical abnormalities However, bromide causes side effects of dermatitis and psychosis in some patients. Phenobarbital was found to be effective in epilepsy in 1912, and its toxicity was lower than that of bromide, gradually becoming clinical. Since then, many phenobarbital analogues have been synthesized, of which approximately half are marketed in the United States in the first 35 years of this century. Until now, there are still a few such drugs such as methylphenidate, and methylphenobarbital