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不正当竞争行为在任何一个社会都存在,而我国市场机制尚不完善,因此这一问题就更为突出,尤其是弄虚作假和购销活动中的贿赂与变相贿赂问题。在这里,就购销活动中的贿赂与变相贿赂作一些理论分析。 采取贿赂或变相贿赂等手段推销或采购商品的方法很多,主要的是向买方采购人员或卖方销售人员给与“回扣”或“奖品”。这里,贿赂的提供便是两方面的,一是由供应方代理人为推销商品而给与需求方代理人的“回扣”或“奖品”,二是由需求方代理人为购买稀缺商品而给与供应方代理人的。如果在这里把前一种情况中需求方代理人手中关于是否购买商品的决定权和对商品供应方的选择权看作一种稀缺资源,那么,他便是这种稀缺资源的供给者。因此,购销中的贿赂与变相贿赂可以抽象为,在信息不对称时,隶属于两个不同委托人的代理人,利用资源的稀缺性,由需求者支付给供给者的现金或实物,这种交易在会计帐目中不明细反映,因而是不透明和不重复的。以下分析这种行为的实现条件和社会经济后果。 1.实现条件 基本前提假定: (1)行为主体满足经济人理性假设; (2)交易费用为正; (3)行贿与受贿被查处的概率(取决于一定社会经济水平的法规制度完善程度,市场发育充分程度和利益均沾程度等变量,为一常数,用p表示,p∈(0,1); (4)
The problem of unfair competition exists in any society and the market mechanism in our country is still not perfect, so the problem is even more conspicuous. In particular, the issue of bribery and disguised bribery in fraudulent activities and purchase and sale activities. Here, some theoretical analyzes are made on bribery and disguised bribery in purchasing and marketing activities. There are many ways to sell or purchase goods through bribery or disguised bribery. The main thing is to give a “buy-back” or “prize” to the buyer’s buyer or seller’s salesperson. Here, bribery is offered in two ways. One is the “rebates” or “prizes” given by supply-side agents to demand-side agents for the sale of goods, and the other is given by demand-side agents for the purchase of scarce goods The agent’s side If here, in the former case, the power of the demand-side agent to decide whether to buy a commodity or not, and the option of a commodity supplier as a scarce resource, he is the supplier of such a scarce resource. Thus, bribery and disguised bribery in buying and selling can be abstracted as an agent attached to two different clients in the case of asymmetric information, making use of the scarcity of resources, the cash or kind paid by the demanders to suppliers, The transaction is not reflected in the accounting book, so it is opaque and non-repetitive. The following analysis of the conditions for the realization of this behavior and the socio-economic consequences. 1. The conditions for the realization of the basic premises Assumptions: (1) the behavior of the main body to meet the economic man rationality assumption; (2) the transaction costs are positive; (3) the probability of bribery and bribery investigated and dealt with (depending on a certain level of socio- Market full extent of development and the degree of interest and other variables, as a constant, with p, p∈ (0,1); (4)