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一对于深圳国营商业企业搞股份制试点,有几种看法:一是认为商业企业在经营中与政策联系紧密,流通政策的变化会直接影响企业业绩,从而容易引起股票交易中大的波动;二是商业企业对市场依赖性强,市场尚未形成良好的供求平衡机制;三是某些商业企业靠政府给予的优越经营地位,近似于专营权,如生产资料、进出口业务、化肥农药经营等,恐怕实行股份制后垄断利润流向社会,削减国家财政收入;四是商业企业多数无实业基础,单纯在流通领域活动,风险大,起伏大,如成为公众公司,容易引起社会大的波动。为此,有人提出商业企业实行股份制应缓行。但是,深圳的商业企业也有一些特殊之处: 第一,深圳的商业企业基础投入少,历史短,有一个自身发展的过程。第二,深圳的商业企业已开展一业为主、多元化经营。根据特区政策灵活的特点,许多商业企业不单纯在流通领域从事贸易活动。这些企业有较好的实业基础,增强了抵御市场风险
First, there are several views on Shenzhen’s state-run commercial enterprises engaging in joint-stock pilots. First, they consider that commercial enterprises are closely linked to policies in their operations. Changes in the circulation policies will directly affect the performance of the companies, which will easily cause large fluctuations in the stock exchanges; Commercial enterprises are highly dependent on the market and the market has not yet formed a good supply and demand balance mechanism. Third, some commercial enterprises rely on the superior business status granted by the government, similar to the franchise, such as production materials, import and export business, fertilizer and pesticide management, etc. After the joint-stock system is implemented, monopoly profits flow to the society and reduce the state’s fiscal revenue. Fourth, most commercial enterprises have no industrial base, and they are only active in the circulation field. They are risky and have large fluctuations. If they become public companies, they may easily cause large social fluctuations. To this end, it was proposed that the implementation of a joint-stock system for commercial enterprises should be suspended. However, Shenzhen’s commercial enterprises also have some special features: First, Shenzhen’s commercial enterprises have a small investment base, a short history, and a process of self-development. Second, Shenzhen’s commercial enterprises have already developed a business-oriented and diversified business. According to the flexible nature of the SAR policy, many commercial enterprises do not simply engage in trading activities in the circulation sector. These companies have a good industrial foundation and have enhanced their market risk protection