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研究玉米蛋白粉部分替代鱼粉对异育银鲫氮磷保留率影响,以3种规格的异育银鲫(小规格为26.90 g、中规格为51.70 g、大规格为97.67 g)为试验对象,每种规格分别设置鱼粉组和玉米蛋白粉组(鱼粉组的鱼粉用量为10%和9%,用8%玉米蛋白粉等量替代鱼粉),在网箱中饲养97 d,分别于30d、61 d和97 d采样,测定3个阶段的肌肉氮保留率、磷保留率以及肌肉和肝胰脏谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性。结果表明:小规格异育银鲫的Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段、中规格第Ⅰ阶段和大规格第Ⅲ阶段的肌肉组织中的氮含量存在显著差异,中、大规格的其余各阶段肌肉组织的氮含量无显著差异;肌肉组织中磷的含量在小规格的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段无显著差异,第Ⅲ阶段鱼粉组磷含量显著高于玉米蛋白组(P<0.05),除大规格第Ⅲ阶段,中规格和大规格的总体上玉米蛋白组的肌肉磷含量显著高于鱼粉组(P<0.05);除中规格的第Ⅰ阶段,3种规格异育银鲫在第Ⅲ阶段内总体上呈现鱼粉组肌肉氮保留率显著高于玉米蛋白粉组(P<0.05);3种规格异育银鲫肝胰脏的GDH活性随饲养时间延长,两组无显著差异;异育银鲫肌肉组织的GDH活性,除中规格的第Ⅱ阶段和大规格的第Ⅰ阶段,其余表现为同种规格的鱼粉组和玉米组无显著差异;除第Ⅰ阶段,其它时间段玉米组的磷保留率显著低于鱼粉组的磷保留率(P<0.05)。在该试验条件下,3种规格的异育银鲫用8%的玉米蛋白粉替代等量鱼粉降低了实验鱼的肌肉氮磷保留率,谷氨酸脱氢酶活性无显著差异,对蛋白质分解代谢无显著影响。研究亮点:将异育银鲫对玉米蛋白粉的氮磷保留率和蛋白质分解即玉米蛋白对水环境的影响作为异育银鲫饲料中玉米蛋白粉能否替代鱼粉的重要评价指标;以氮代谢过程中的谷氨酸脱氢酶GDH活力间接估算排氨率的方法替代常规的直接排氨率测定方法来衡量蛋白质的分解代谢。
The effects of partial replacement of fish meal with corn gluten meal on nitrogen and phosphorus retention rate of allogynogenetic crucian carp were studied. Three crucian carp crucian carp (26.90 g for small size, 51.70 g for medium size and 97.67 g for large size) The fishmeal group and the corn gluten meal group were respectively set for each of the specifications (the fish meal group contained 10% and 9% of the fish meal, and the equivalent of 8% corn gluten meal replaced the fish meal), and kept in cages for 97 days, d and 97 d sampling, muscle nitrogen retention, phosphorus retention and muscle and hepatopancreas glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in three stages were determined. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the nitrogen content in the muscle tissue between the stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ, the stage Ⅰ and the stage Ⅲ in the small crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), the nitrogen content in the muscle tissues There was no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the content of phosphorus in muscular tissues between the first and second stage of the small scale, and the phosphorus content in the third stage was significantly higher than that of the zein (P <0.05) In general, the muscle P content of the zein group was significantly higher than that of the fishmeal group (P <0.05) except for the first stage of the specification, and the three kinds of allogynogenetic crucian carp generally presented the fish meal group Muscle nitrogen retention rate was significantly higher than that of corn gluten meal group (P <0.05); GDH activity of liver and pancreas of three kinds of allogynogenetic crucian carp increased with feeding time, there was no significant difference between the two groups; GDH activity , Except for the second stage of the specification and the first stage of the large specification, the rest showed no significant difference between the fishmeal group and the corn group of the same specification; except for the first stage, the phosphorus retention rate of the corn group at other time periods was significantly lower than that of the fishmeal Group phosphorus retention (P <0.05). Under the experimental conditions, the three kinds of different crucian carp with 8% cornstarch instead of the same amount of fish meal reduced muscle N and P retention, glutamate dehydrogenase activity was no significant difference in proteolysis No significant metabolic effects. Research highlights: the allogynogenetic crucian carp retention of nitrogen and phosphorus corn protein and protein decomposition that corn protein on the water environment as an allogamy meal feed corn gluten meal can replace fish meal important evaluation index; nitrogen metabolism The indirect estimation of ammonia excretion by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in the process is a measure of protein catabolism in lieu of the conventional direct ammonia excretion rate assay.