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评估臭氧(O3)污染对农田冬小麦生长和产量的影响是污染生态学和生理生态学研究的重要内容之一。该研究运用开顶式气室(OTC),对冬小麦‘嘉403’(Triticumaestivum cv.Jia403)进行了O3动态暴露的田间原位试验。实验设置过滤空气组(CF)、自然大气组(NF)和两个不同浓度的O3动态暴露组(DO100和DO150)。结果表明:1)O3浓度增加,一方面可以改变灌浆期冬小麦叶片气体交换参数的日变化规律;另一方面引起表观光量子产额、光饱和点和光补偿点等光响应参数的显著降低。这表明灌浆期叶片光合能力的下降是气孔因素和非气孔因素共同作用的结果。2)O3暴露可以改变小麦形态特征,如植株变矮、叶片衰老加速、叶面积变小,并最终导致产量大幅下降。
Assessing the impact of ozone (O3) pollution on the growth and yield of winter wheat in farmlands is one of the important aspects of pollution ecology and ecophysiology. In this study, open-field gas chamber (OTC) was used in field experiments of O3 dynamic exposure to winter wheat ’Triticum aestivum cv. Jia403’. In the experiment, the CF group, the NF group and the O3 dynamic exposure group with different concentrations (DO100 and DO150) were set up. The results showed that: 1) The increase of O3 concentration could not only change the diurnal variation of gas exchange parameters of winter wheat leaves at grain filling stage but also significantly decrease the light response parameters such as apparent light quantum yield, light saturation point and light compensation point. This indicates that the decrease of photosynthetic capacity during the filling stage is the result of the combination of stomatal and non-stomatal factors. 2) O3 exposure can change the morphological characteristics of wheat, such as shorter plants, faster leaf senescence, smaller leaf area, and eventually a sharp drop in yield.