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近年来肝癌的治疗已取得长足进步,小肝癌的早期切除及不能切除的大肝癌综合治疗后切除,使约20%的病人获益。但我国肝癌大多合并严重肝硬化,且易发生肝内播散和远处转移。构成肿瘤治疗三大模式的手术、放疗和化疗基本都着眼于直接杀伤肿瘤细胞,常难彻底消灭肿瘤细胞,又易损伤正常组织。在现代分子生物学和基因工程技术飞速发展的推动下,以免疫治疗为基础发展而来的生物治疗日益受到重视和应用,成为肿瘤治疗的第四模式。肿瘤的生物治疗主要通过肿瘤宿主防御机制或生物制剂的作用以调节机体自身的生物学反应,从而抑制或杀灭肿瘤细胞。肿瘤的生
In recent years, the treatment of liver cancer has made great progress. Early resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma and resection of unresectable large liver cancer after comprehensive treatment have benefited approximately 20% of patients. However, most liver cancers in China are associated with severe cirrhosis and prone to hepatic dissemination and distant metastasis. The surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy that constitute the three major modes of tumor treatment are all focused on direct killing of tumor cells, and it is often difficult to completely eliminate the tumor cells, and it is easy to damage normal tissues. With the rapid development of modern molecular biology and genetic engineering technology, biological therapy based on immunotherapy has been increasingly valued and applied and has become the fourth model of cancer treatment. The biological treatment of tumors mainly regulates the body’s own biological response through the action of tumor host defense mechanisms or biological agents, thereby inhibiting or killing tumor cells. Tumors