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目的通过探讨兴宁市狂犬病流行病学特征及流行因素,为制定下一步的防制措施提供科学依据。方法收集整理2004—2013年传染病疫情资料、狂犬病病例的个案资料和狂犬病疫点处理资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果兴宁市2004—2013年共报告狂犬病32例,发病率以2004年最高,达1.32/10万。病例分布在12个乡镇和3个街道办。男性多于女性,男女性别比为2.2∶1。发病年龄以>50岁为主,占59.4%;职业分布以农民为主,占75.0%。4—10月发病较多,占总病例数的78.1%。犬为主要致病动物,占96.9%。动物咬伤后无免疫史的占75.0%,伤口无处理的占78.1%。结论加强犬类管理,加大宣传教育力度,提高狂犬疫苗农村医疗合作报销额度或将狂犬病免疫球蛋白接种费用纳入报销范围,提高暴露后人群的免疫率,是目前我市亟需采取的预防控制措施。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic factors of rabies in Xingning and provide a scientific basis for formulating the next prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemic data of 2004-2003, the case data of rabies and the treatment data of rabies were collected and analyzed, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic situation. Results Xingning 2004-2003 reported a total of 32 cases of rabies, the highest incidence in 2004, up to 1.32 / 100000. Cases distributed in 12 towns and 3 streets do. There are more males than females, with a male / female ratio of 2.2: 1. Age of onset> 50 years old, accounting for 59.4%; occupational distribution to farmers, accounting for 75.0%. 4-October incidence of more, accounting for 78.1% of the total number of cases. Dogs as the main pathogenic animals, accounting for 96.9%. No history of immunization after bites of animals accounted for 75.0%, 78.1% of untreated wounds. Conclusion It is urgently needed to take preventive and control measures in our country to strengthen the management of dogs, step up publicity and education, raise the reimbursement of rural medical cooperation for rabies vaccine or include the cost of rabies immunoglobulin in reimbursement, and raise the immunization rate of post-exposure population Measures.