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改善土路的方法很多。通常所用的材料有:粘土、砂、炉碴、矿碴、砾石、碎石、碎砖、贝壳及其他材料等,皆视当地出产的材料种类和交通量大小来确定。本文仅就如何利用炉碴改善土路提供一些意见。修筑道路所用的炉碴,指的是各种工业用煤在普通锅炉中燃烧后所产生的灰碴。燃煤的组成为水、挥发物、固定炭、灰、硫等,灰分是燃烧过程中所余留下的固定残留物(灰和碴)。在普通锅炉里,煤在燃烧过程中,尚有未燃物和灰分胶结成焦块连合未燃烧的煤屑和碎炭,这些未燃物常常被清炉时一起清除出来。普通炉碴是由矽酸盐块、未燃烧的煤屑、岩石片与灰分所组成。矽酸盐和石灰(氧化钙)经过水化作用即结成硬块。普通岩石如花岗石之类都由复杂的混合矽酸盐所组成。质量不好的炉碴含有灰分和未燃烧的煤屑成分多。改善土路所用的炉碴包含未燃烧的煤屑不宜过多,一般不超过20％左右。较大块的灰碴应压成细粒,粒度不宜过小或过大,粗细掺合使用,最大粒度不宜超过8—10公厘。炉碴具有多孔性,重量较轻,每一立方公尺重800—
There are many ways to improve the dirt road. Commonly used materials are: clay, sand, ballast, ballast, gravel, crushed stone, broken brick, shells and other materials, etc., are depending on the type of local production of materials and traffic to determine the size. This article only on how to use ballast to improve the dirt road to provide some advice. The ballast used in the construction of roads refers to the ash produced by the combustion of various industrial coal in ordinary boilers. The composition of coal is water, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash, sulfur, etc. Ash is the fixed residue (ash and ballast) left in the combustion process. In ordinary boilers, coal still burns unburnt and ash cement into coke blocks with unburned coal and charcoal, which are often removed together with the furnace. Ordinary furnace slag is composed of silicate blocks, unburned coal chips, rock chips and ash. Silicates and lime (calcium oxide) hydrate to form lumps. Ordinary rocks, such as granite, consist of complex mixed silicates. Bad quality of the ballast contains more unburned coal ash and coal components. Ballast used to improve the dirt road contains unburned coal chips should not be too much, generally not more than 20%. Larger pieces of ash should be pressed into fine particles, particle size should not be too small or too large, the use of mixed thickness, the maximum particle size should not exceed 8-10 mm. Furnace ballast with porosity, light weight, each cubic meter weight 800-